APK
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Java/Kotlin code is converted to *.class using javac/kotlinc compiler
Then using another compiler (d8) it is converted into classes.dex
Then this classes.dex i.e. dalvik bytecode is run in Dalvik Virtual Machine on older android versions and newer android versions use ART (Android Runtime)
And Android Runtime makes it little slower to install but improves performance
Basically an apk file is a zip file which contains the above mentioned things.